When Sonar was Called Submarine Signalling

What was Glaucoma Called Before the 20th Century?

Glaucoma involves a characteristic optic neuropathy, often with elevated intraocular pressure. Before 1850, poor vision with a normal eye appearance, as occurs in primary open-angle glaucoma, was termed amaurosis, gutta serena, or black cataract. Few observers noted palpable hardness of the eye in amaurosis. On the other hand, angle-closure glaucoma can produce a green or gray pupil, and theref...

When Nuclear Power Was Flying

When I Was a Patient

This account of her experiences as a patient in a mental hospital has been sent to Mental Health by Susan X. We cannot, of course, print her name in full.

When the Field was Young

When the IEEE Computer Society (CS) was born on 31 December 1970, Computer was a young publication in a young eld, and it was the product of a young organization— the Society’s predecessor, the IEEE Computer Group. The president of the freshly franchised Society wrote that the time was right for looking back on the accomplishments of the founding IEEE Computer Group before “we start 1971 as the...

The Discursive Function of Place in "The Night when Sohrab was killed" by Bijan Najdi

One of the important functions of every Semiotic system is its local function. In a discourse, places have various roles such as objective, acting, being, abstract, narrative and mythical. In addition they have referential, narrative, tensional, metaphorical and transcendental functions and they play a role in creation of meaning. By strengthening objective and physical aspects of place, its co...